Python Tutorial
Python Tutorial | Learn Python Programming Tutorials
Python is a popular programming language with various distinguishing features and advantages over languages such as Java and C++. Our Python tutorial covers both fundamental and advanced ideas, beginning with installation, conditional statements, loops, built-in data structures, object-oriented programming, generators, exception handling, Python RegEx, and many other topics. This tutorial is intended for both beginners and working professionals.
Guido van Rossum had a dream in the late 1980s to develop Python. The first Python version, 0.9.0, was released in 1991. Python has become increasingly popular since its release. According to statistics, Python is now the most popular programming language among developers due to its increasing demand in the computer industry.
Introduction to Python
Python is a general-purpose, dynamically typed, high-level programming language that is compiled and interpreted, garbage-collected, and entirely object-oriented. It supports procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.
Features of Python:
- Easy to use and Read – Python’s syntax is clean and easy to read, making it an excellent language for both new and experienced programmers. This simplicity can help to accelerate development and lessen the likelihood of errors.
- Dynamically typed variables have their data types determined at runtime. We do not need to specify a variable’s data type while creating code.
- High-level – High-level language refers to human-readable code.
- Compiled and Interpreted – Python code is first compiled into bytecode, then interpreted line by line. When we download Python from org, we are downloading the default Python implementation, known as CPython. CPython is regarded to be both compliant and interpretable.
- Garbage Collection: Memory allocation and de-allocation are automatically managed. Programmers do not have a specific requirement to manage memory.
- Purely Object-Oriented – It treats everything as an object, including integers and strings.
Cross-platform compatibility – Python is easily installed on Windows, macOS, and many Linux variants, allowing developers to design software that works on multiple operating systems.
- Rich Standard Library – Python has multiple standard libraries that provide ready-to-use modules and functions for a wide range of activities, including web development, data manipulation, machine learning, and networking.
- Open Source –
Python is an open-source, free programming language. As a result, it finds use in a variety of industries and specialties.
Python boasts several web-based assets, open-source projects, and a thriving community. Developers can learn the language, collaborate on projects, and contribute to the Python ecosystem with relative ease.
Python’s clear language foundation makes it easier to understand and write code. This makes it an excellent programming language for beginners. Additionally, it helps experienced programmers write clear and error-free code.
Python has numerous third-party libraries that can be used to simplify its functionality. These libraries cover a wide range of topics, including web development, scientific computing, and data analysis.
History of Python
Guido van Rossum invented Python. Guido van Rossum, a Dutch programmer, began developing Python in the late 1980s while working at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands. He aimed to develop a successor to the ABC programming language that was both simple to understand and efficient.
Python’s initial public release, version 0.9.0, took place in February 1991. This was the formal start of Python as an open-source project. The language is named after the British comedy series “Monty Python’s Flying Circus“.
Python development has progressed through numerous stages. Python 1.0 was launched in January 1994 as a robust and useful programming language. This version includes many of the capabilities that are still available in Python today.
Python gained popularity in the 1990s and 2000s due to its simplicity, readability, and versatility. Python 2.0 was released in October in the year 2000. Python 2.0 introduced list comprehension, garbage collection, and Unicode support.
Python 3.0 was released in December of 2008. Python 3.0 included various backward-incompatible modifications to increase code readability and maintainability.
Python’s popularity grew throughout the 2010s, especially in sectors such as data science, machine learning, and web development. Its extensive ecosystem of libraries and frameworks makes it popular among developers.
The Python Software Foundation (PSF) was founded in 2001 to promote, defend, and advance the Python programming language and community.
Why learn Python?
Python offers several valuable features to programmers. These characteristics make it the most common and commonly used language. We have highlighted a handful of Python’s essential features below.
- Easy to use and Learn: Python’s syntax is straightforward and easy to understand, unlike established languages such as C, C++, Java, and so on, making it easy for beginners to master.
- Expressive Language: It enables programmers to express complicated concepts in a few lines of code and saves developers time.
- Interpreted Language: Python is an interpreted language, which allows for quick development and testing. It uses Interpreter rather than Compiler.
- Object-Oriented Language: It supports object-oriented programming, which makes developing reusable and modular code simple.
- Open-Source Language: Python is an open-source programming language that can be used, distributed, and modified freely.
- Extensible: Python can be extended by modules written in C, C++, or another language.
- Learn the Standard Library: Python’s standard library offers several modules and functions that can be used for a variety of tasks, including string manipulation and web programming.
- GUI Programming Support: Python supports various GUI frameworks, like Tkinter and PyQt, which make it simple for developers to construct desktop applications.
- Python is easily integrated with various languages and technologies, including C/C++, Java, and.NET.
- Python code is embeddable as a scripting language in other programs.
- Dynamic Memory Allocation: Python uses dynamic memory allocation, which allows developers to design complicated programs without thinking about memory management.
- Wide Range of Libraries and Frameworks: Python includes a large number of libraries and frameworks, including NumPy, Pandas, Django, and Flask, which can be used to solve a variety of challenges.
- Python is a Versatile language that may be used in a variety of fields, including web development, machine learning, data analysis, and scientific computing.
- Python has a large and active community of developers who contribute to its development and provide assistance. This makes it simple for beginners to seek assistance and learn from experienced developers.
- Career Opportunities: Python is a popular programming language in the workplace. Learning Python can lead to a variety of job prospects in fields such as data science, artificial intelligence, and web development.
- High Demand: As automation and digital transformation become more prevalent, the demand for Python developers grows. Many sectors are looking for talented Python developers to assist construct their digital infrastructure.
- Increased Productivity: Python’s simple syntax and rich libraries enable developers to write code faster and more efficiently. Developers and organizations can benefit from increased productivity and time savings.
- Big Data and Machine Learning: Python has emerged as the preferred language for big data and machine learning applications. Python has gained popularity among data scientists and machine learning engineers thanks to packages such as NumPy, Pandas, Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and others.
Where is Python used?
Python is a widely used programming language with applications in nearly every technical discipline. The many areas of Python use are listed below.
1. Data Science:
Data Science is a broad field, and Python is an important language for it because of its simplicity, ease of use, and access to strong data analysis and visualization packages such as NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib.
2. Desktop Applications:
PyQt and Tkinter are useful libraries for Graphical User Interface (GUI)-based desktop applications. There are better languages for this field, however it can be used with other languages to create applications.
3. Console-based Applications:
Python is also often used to develop command-line or console-based programs due to its ease of use and support for complex features such as input/output redirection and piping.
4. Mobile Applications:
Although Python is not typically used for developing mobile applications, it can be paired with frameworks such as Kivy or BeeWare to create cross-platform mobile applications.
5. Software Development:
Python is widely regarded as one of the top software development languages. Python is easily compatible with both small-scale and large-scale software.
6. Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology, and Python is an ideal language for artificial intelligence and machine learning due to the availability of sophisticated libraries such as TensorFlow, Keras, and Pytorch.
7. Web Application
Python is widely used in web development, both on the backend with frameworks like Django and Flask and on the front end with tools like JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.
8. 3D CAD Applications:
Python may be used to create 3D computer-aided design (CAD) applications with libraries like Blender.
9. Machine Learning:
Python is frequently used in machine learning due to its simplicity, ease of use, and the availability of sophisticated machine learning packages.
10. Computer Vision or Image Processing Applications:
Python may be used to develop computer vision and image processing applications using powerful libraries like OpenCV and Scikit-image.
11. Speech Recognition:
Python may be used for speech recognition applications with packages like SpeechRecognition and PyAudio.
12. Scientific computing:
NumPy, SciPy, and Pandas libraries offer extensive numerical computing capabilities for activities such as data analysis and machine learning.
13. Education:
Python’s simple syntax and extensive resources make it an ideal language for teaching programming to novices.
14. Testing:
Python is used to write automated tests, with frameworks such as unit tests and pytest assisting in the creation of test cases and report generation.
15. Gaming:
Python provides modules such as Pygame that give a platform for developing games in Python.
16. IOT:
Python is used in the Internet of Things (IoT) to create scripts and apps for devices such as the Raspberry Pi and Arduino.
17. Networking:
Python is used in networking to create scripts and programs that automate, monitor, and manage network traffic.
18. DevOps:
Python is commonly used in DevOps to automate and script infrastructure management, configuration management, and deployment operations.